Bulgaria

Enigmatic Istanbul is an endless story. It’s the story of Istanbul’s many names, the story of settling the city, ‘Opposite the blind’. Although these...

The fourth and last piece of advice that even a contemporary might have given Justinian and that he should have heeded was straightforward—to take...

For that boundary to remain hostile, armed, and simultaneously attractive and difficult (attractive to merchants, difficult for all) created and perpetuated exactly the weakness...

Finally, there were matters emperors were incapable of understanding, or understood but rarely. Chief among them were religion and economics. No one—unless we make...

“No more killing!” he ordered. ‘The prophecy has been fulfilled! No more killing lest we offend the god.”“Carry the order to the troops ahead,”...

With missiles raining upon it night and day even Alexandria could not hold out forever against the might of Rome. After some eight months...

Of the siege machines, the ballista, the onager and the catapulta the three most commonly used worked in much the same way. For a...